Security: Theory and Practice

Modern training technologies in shooting sports, such as the Mantis X system, are revolutionizing the learning process by offering precise, real-time analysis of shooting techniques. This article presents the technical aspects of how Mantis X operates, its application in both dry fire and live fire training, comparisons with other systems, and its impact on the effectiveness of marksmanship training. The objective of this article is to analyze the effectiveness of using the Mantis X system as a modern tool supporting the shooting training process, with particular emphasis on its influence on the development of users’ technical shooting skills. The article aims to assess the educational potential of this technology in the context of shooting instruction across various training environments – military, law enforcement and educational settings (including its use within the core curriculum of Education for Safety). The analysis also covers the system’s ability to utilize data generated for monitoring progress and correcting errors in real time. The primary research question is whether the use of the Mantis X system in shooting training increases the effectiveness of instruction compared to traditional methods.

This article discusses the potential use of the open source Meshtastic system in crisis situations such as warfare, natural disasters, infrastructure failures and or rescue operations. It presents the basic principles of devices based on LoRa technology, examines their communication capabilities in the absence of cellular networks and the internet and highlights practical applications in real-world crisis scenarios. The objective of the article is to analyze the feasibility and effectiveness of using the Meshtastic system as an alternative solution for ensuring communication during emergencies, especially in conditions with limited access to traditional telecommunications networks. The core research problem is to answer the question: to what extent can the Meshtastic system effectively support communication in crisis situations such as natural disasters, telecommunications infrastructure failures and rescue operations in hard-toreach areas? The primary research methods include an analysis of the relevant literaturę and technical documentation of radio devices. Additionally, the field experiment method was used – conducting tests of the Meshtastic network’s performance in various terrain and environmental conditions.

Activities that focus on developing the strengths of children and youth, their resources and abilities, are very important in their educational work. This means that they are better prepared to cope with the difficulties of life. Intercultural education teaches openness, respect and understanding of other cultures. It also develops intercultural competences in the areas of knowledge, skills and attitudes. Thanks to these competences, young people can act more easily, communicate effectively and show an active attitude in relations with representatives of other cultures. This builds their social resilience in difficult situations when functioning in intercultural communities.

The main objective of this article is to present the problems related to the rehabilitation process in the context of the rehabilitation programmes implemented in Polish prisons that promote social reintegration. The author discusses the complex process of creating these programmes along with an evaluation of their effects. She indicates the shortcomings of the programmes implemented in prisons, but also emphasizes the noticeable improvement in their effectiveness and value. An important part of the study is to draw attention to the usefulness of the concept of resilience in the context of the interactions conducted in prisons.

This article presents a theoretical and empirical analysis of the significance of theatre therapy as a method used in the treatment of individuals experiencing addiction crises, with particular emphasis on its beneficial impact on self-esteem perception and anxiety reduction. The study consists of three sections. The first one provides a general overview of the theoretical foundations, focusing primarily on defining key variables, including addiction in the context of anxiety and self-esteem, creative social reintegration, and theatre therapy. The second, methodological section of the text presents a description of the research framework, including research objectives, subject of study, research problems, hypothesis, methods, techniques, and research tools. In the research process, the authors adopted a mixed-method strategy, using the case study method with elements of a pedagogical experiment, employing several techniques and tools. The third section of the article presents an analysis of the research findings. The study concludes with findings and a summary, including a conclusion that confirms the general hypothesis, assuming the beneficial impact of theatre therapy both on the reduction of anxiety levels and the improvement of self-esteem perception, but also on other aspects of functioning among individuals undergoing therapy, related to broadly understood social skills.

As a member state of the European Union, the collective security institutions of NATO, the UN, the OSCE, the WTO and other organizations, which include its involvement in Polish-Ukrainian military cooperation, the Republic of Poland faces numerous and multilateral cybersecurity threats. It is also exposed to the activity of external bodies (such as hacker groups and intelligence agencies). In order to optimize cybersecurity in Poland, it is necessary to introduce changes of a legal, organizational and technical nature that will provide cyberspace and its users with the desired level of security, alongside a guarantee of appropriate cooperation in individual elements of the security system of the state.
This study is a continuation of an analysis of the threats to Poland’s cyber environment presented in the article An analysis of threats to the Polish cybersecurity infrastructure between the years 2010 and 2023. Part I: the years 2010–2016 published in 2024 in issue 3 of the quarterly “Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka”.The aim of this paper is to describe cybersecurity threats that arose between the years 2017 and 2023, and also to pay attention to their transformation and development, the latter being shaped by social, political and military factors.
The main research question is of a descriptive nature and numerous threats to the cybersecurity infrastructure of the country are mentioned. Special attention is paid to three fundamental issues, namely, threats to Polish cybersecurity between the years 2017 and 2023, statistics concerning cybersecurity incidents that were actually reported and confirmed during this period, as well as investigations into the level of security of government websites using the early warning system ARAKIS-GOV. Statistical and comparative research methods are employed in order to analyze quantitative data and the features of the phenomena under investigation, with the aim of identifying similarities and differences.
A comparative method was used to compare types of cybersecurity threat, the number of cybersecurity incidents that were actually reported and confirmed, and the level of security of websites, paying attention to the amount of traffic recorded in relation to previous years. A statistical method was used to analyze quantitative changes in the number of reports and incident alerts generated by the ARAKIS-GOV system, the amount of traffic recorded compared to the alerts generated in the network, as well as changes in the incident statistics for the years 2017–2023. The main research issue was to determine what types of threat had the greatest influence on the deterioration in the functioning of Poland’s cybersecurity infrastructure between the years 2017 and 2023.