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Państwo i Społeczeństwo / State and Society

Opublikowane: 2026-08-17

Quality of commercial vegan protein powders and reconstituted beverages: sensory, sorption and physicochemical assessment

Millena Ruszkowska Logo ORCID , Magdalena Polechońska
Dział: Nauki o zarządzaniu i jakości
https://doi.org/10.31749/2451-0858-SaS-2026-407

Abstrakt

The growing adoption of plant-based diets and the widespread use of protein supplements have increased the need for a comprehensive evaluation of commercial vegan protein powders and beverages prepared from them. In addition to nutritional composition, product quality depends on sensory performance, storage stability, moisture sorption behaviour and flow properties. This study aimed to compare three commercially available vegan protein powders and their reconstituted beverages with similar declared flavour profiles but different plant-protein compositions.

The study included a pea-rice-almond-hemp protein complex, a multicomponent plant-protein blend and a soy protein isolate. Beverages were prepared according to the manufacturers’ instructions and evaluated by 12 assessors trained in sensory analysis. Colour, odour, consistency, and taste were rated on a five-point scale and combined using predefined weighting coefficients. Moisture content and water activity of the powders were determined, and water-vapour sorption isotherms were obtained using the static desiccator method at 25°C over a water-activity range of 0.07–0.92. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) model was used to estimate monolayer capacity and specific sorption surface area. Loose and tapped bulk density, Hausner ratio, Carr index, angle of repose and angle of slide were measured in powder samples, whereas CIE L*a*b* colour parameters were measured for powders and reconstituted beverages.

The soy protein isolate achieved the highest overall sensory score (4.58), whereas the most expensive multicomponent blend received the lowest score (2.77), mainly because of lower odour and taste ratings. All powders had low initial water activity (0.3142–0.3602), but their sigmoidal sorption isotherms indicated marked susceptibility to moisture uptake at higher water activity. BET monolayer capacity ranged from 4.58 to 4.65 g H2O/100 g dry matter. Hausner ratios of 1.36–1.48 and Carr indices of 26.40–32.33% indicated moderate-to-high cohesiveness and poor flowability. Instrumental colour analysis revealed clearly perceptible differences among the products both before and after reconstitution.

Product price was not a reliable indicator of sensory quality. A multidimensional assessment is required because plant-protein composition simultaneously affects sensory acceptance of beverages, moisture-related storage stability and powder handling performance.

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Zasady cytowania

Ruszkowska, Millena, i Magdalena Polechońska. „Quality of Commercial Vegan Protein Powders and Reconstituted Beverages: Sensory, Sorption and Physicochemical Assessment”. Państwo I Społeczeństwo State and Society, t. 26, sierpień 2026, s. 407, doi:10.31749/2451-0858-SaS-2026-407.

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Tom 26 (2026)
Opublikowane: 2026-01-01


eISSN: 2451-0858
Ikona DOI 10.31749/2451-0858-SaS

Wydawca
AFM Publishing House of the Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University

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