English
Język polski
Submissions
As part of the submission process, authors are required to check off their submission's compliance with all of the following items, and submissions may be returned to authors that do not adhere to these guidelines.
- The article is academic in nature and presents new research findings.
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The topic aligns with the aims and scope of the journal.
- The title accurately reflects the content of the article.
- The article is not a repetition or compilation of previous works, including those by the same author (text recycling/self-plagiarism).
- The article has not been published previously.
- The article has not been submitted previously or simultaneously to other publishers.
- The introduction defines the objectives and methodology; the stated goals have been achieved.
- The language of the manuscript is correct, clear, and precise.
- The cited literature represents the current state of knowledge in the field.
- The final conclusions are logical and original.
- The file has been carefully prepared in accordance with the Author Guidelines.
- The article is properly structured and divided into sections.
- Citations and the bibliography have been prepared according to the APA 7th edition rules
- All graphic elements include alternative text (alt-text).
Author Guidelines
General rules
- Article length: 40,000 characters for original works, case studies, and review articles;
- File format: .doc or .docx
When submitting an article, the author should attach the following files:
- A file with a title page containing:
- the name and surname of the author(s),
- the academic degree/title of the author(s),
- affiliation (name of the university, hospital or other institution to which the author is affiliated),
- ORCiD identifier,
- author’s e-mail address for correspondence (published),
- information about the contribution of individual authors,
- declaration of use of artificial intelligence,
- information about funding,
- statement of conflict of interest,
- consent of the bioethics committee,
- information about access to detailed data from the author for correspondence.
- File with the article containing:
- title of the article in Polish and English,
- abstracts in Polish and English (maximum 250–500 words each) and keywords (3–5) other than the words used in the titles in Polish and English,
- bibliography:
- for original works, max. 30 items,
- for case reports, max. 15 items,
- for review articles, max. 60 items.
- A file with a cover letter signed by the corresponding author.
The text of the article should be written in Times New Roman font, size 12, with 1.5 line spacing. Foreign terms and expressions, as well as titles of articles and books, should be written in italics; do not use bold or underlined font. Please use abbreviations (e.g., r., w., etc.) consistently throughout the article.
The article should be divided into sections with subheadings.
- The text of original works should be divided into five parts: Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusions. The length of the Introduction should be limited to the information necessary to justify the purpose of the research and the analysis of the results presented. Abbreviations used in the work should be listed before the introduction or explained when first used in the text.
- Review articles should include: Introduction, chapter titles related to the topic discussed, Summary.
- Case reports should include: Introduction, Case description, Summary. The introduction should specify the purpose and significance of the work, describe the study in a broader context, and indicate why it is important.
The summary should contain a highly synthetic overview of the topic discussed in the work and should not exceed 500 characters with spaces.
There is no need to number subheadings.
Images, Illustrations
Drawings and photographs should be pasted into the text at the point of reference and provided in separate graphic files (300 dpi) in one of the following formats: *.jpg, *.bmp, *.tif or *.psd.
Illustrations taken from other works and subject to copyright protection should be accompanied by bibliographic information in the form of a reference to the literature, placed in the caption of the drawing.
Please number figures and photographs, which should be announced in the text – in a full sentence or as (figure/photograph 1).
Charts and tables
Please number tables and charts separately.
Charts should be prepared in greyscale (if possible, do not use colours). Please avoid three-dimensional charts due to their reduced readability. Charts should be provided in separate Excel files.
Each table and chart must have a title.
Notes to the table content should be placed inside the table, footnotes to the figure – below the figure.
The full source must be provided below each table and chart. The following terms are acceptable: ‘own work’ or ‘own work based on…’.
Each table/graph should be announced in the text – in a full sentence or as (graph 2), (table 1), which allows the table/graph to be placed in a convenient location for the author and publisher.
It is advisable to avoid abbreviations in table columns.
The text in the table should be in a smaller font than the basic font. Any explanations should be placed directly below the table.
Numerical data units should be given in square brackets.
The preferred format is a table without vertical lines separating columns, containing horizontal lines at the top and bottom, a horizontal line separating column headings from data, and optional horizontal lines separating rows of data or complex column headings (example below).
Copyright Notice
STATEMENT
The Author hereby declares that the submitted manuscript, intended for publication in the journal published by the AFM Publishing House of Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, at 1 Gustawa Herlinga-Grudzińskiego Street, 30-705 Krakow (hereinafter referred to as the Publisher):
- is not and will not be submitted to another editorial office (domestic or foreign) for publication of its entire content, fragments, or an expanded version or in a different language version, nor has the work been previously distributed or published in any way,
- is the result of the Author's independent, original creative work, has been prepared with respect for all rights of third parties and does not infringe any rights, including copyright and property rights, as well as personal rights of these parties,
- was created without using any generative artificial intelligence tools, in particular for generating the entire text or parts of the text, generating and modifying images, generating false or misleading citations or sources,
- has been prepared in accordance with the publishing instructions for authors, available on the website of the journal,
- if the work contains, apart from the word aspect, also additional materials (e.g. photographs, illustrations, drawings) of which the Author is not the creator, the Author declares that he/she has obtained all written consents for their use granted by persons with rights to them, including their multiplication and dissemination in the work in question.
Additionally:
- If the work has been accepted for preliminary editorial work, the Author agrees to Publisher’s making use of the work, and in particular to:
- multiplication of the work by any available technique,
- entering the work into the computer memory,
- introducing editorial changes,
- making it available to designated reviewers for substantive evaluation,
- reproducing and processing the work in the anti-plagiarism system applied by the Publisher,
- in case of receiving comments from reviewers who approve the work for publication, suggesting making substantive changes, the Author undertakes not to withdraw the work without well-grounded justification and to refer to the comments and suggestions contained in the review in writing, within 14 days of receiving them,
- if the work is finally qualified for publication, the Author declares that he/she agrees to:
- making adjustments and corrections by the Publisher (in particular introducing changes resulting from editorial solutions adopted in the journal), then submitted to the Author for approval,
- granting Publisher free and unlimited access to the work under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license (Attribution – Non Commercial – No Derivatives) in order to place the work in the Publisher's repository, on the journal's website and make it available in the Internet in other databases of scientific articles in Open Access.
- The Author acknowledges that any revealed breaches of the above arrangements will result in the withdrawal from publication of the work or its withdrawal after publication.
- In the event of claims arising from the infringement of any rights of third parties, the Author will be obliged to satisfy them.
- In the case of co-authorship, the Authors declare that they:
- created the work jointly and in agreement,
- unanimously agree to publish the work on the terms set out above.
- The Author declares that he/she has received and read the information about the processing of his/her personal data.
Privacy Statement
Privacy Statement
Państwo i Społeczeństwo / State and Society respects the privacy of authors, reviewers, editors, readers, and all users of the journal’s website and submission system.
The personal data entered into this journal site and the Open Journal Systems (OJS) platform are used exclusively for the purposes of managing the editorial, peer review, publishing, indexing, archiving, and communication processes of the journal. These data will not be used for purposes unrelated to the journal and will not be sold or made available to third parties for commercial purposes.
Data Controller
The controller of personal data processed in connection with the journal and the journal website is Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Gustawa Herlinga-Grudzińskiego 1, 30-705 Kraków, Poland.
The University has appointed a Data Protection Officer, who may be contacted regarding the processing of personal data at: iodo@uafm.edu.pl.
Categories of Personal Data
Depending on the user’s role and activity in the journal system, the following categories of personal data may be processed:
- name and surname;
- e-mail address;
- affiliation and institutional address;
- country;
- ORCID iD and other scholarly identifiers, if provided;
- user account details;
- correspondence with the Editorial Office;
- submission metadata;
- authorship and contributor information;
- reviewer interests and review history;
- editorial decisions and workflow records;
- technical data related to the use of the website and the OJS platform, such as IP address, browser type, access logs, and cookies, where applicable.
Purposes of Processing
Personal data are processed for the following purposes:
- creating and maintaining user accounts in the journal system;
- enabling manuscript submission;
- managing the editorial and peer review process;
- communicating with authors, reviewers, editors, and readers;
- publishing articles and article metadata;
- ensuring the correct identification of authors, contributors, reviewers, and editors;
- assigning reviewers and editors to submissions;
- indexing, abstracting, archiving, and disseminating published content;
- ensuring the security, integrity, and proper functioning of the journal website and the OJS platform;
- fulfilling legal, institutional, editorial, and publishing obligations.
Legal Basis for Processing
Personal data are processed in accordance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), in particular where processing is necessary for the performance of tasks related to the publication and dissemination of scientific research, for the legitimate interests of the journal and the Publisher, for compliance with legal obligations, or on the basis of the user’s consent where required.
The legitimate interests of the journal and the Publisher include managing scholarly communication, conducting the editorial and peer review process, maintaining the integrity of the academic record, ensuring transparency of authorship and publication metadata, and protecting the security of the journal platform.
Publication of Author Data
By submitting a manuscript to the journal, authors acknowledge that, if the manuscript is accepted for publication, selected personal data necessary for scholarly publishing will be made publicly available. This may include the author’s name and surname, affiliation, country, ORCID iD, e-mail address where provided for correspondence, article metadata, acknowledgements, funding information, conflict of interest statements, and other information required by scholarly publishing standards.
Published article metadata may be shared with indexing databases, abstracting services, repositories, DOI registration agencies, library catalogues, and other scholarly communication systems.
Reviewer and Editorial Data
Personal data of reviewers and editors are processed for the purposes of managing the peer review and editorial process. Reviewer identities are treated in accordance with the journal’s peer review model. Where the journal applies double-blind peer review, reviewer identities are not disclosed to authors.
Review records, editorial decisions, and related correspondence may be retained as part of the journal’s editorial documentation in order to ensure the integrity, accountability, and transparency of the publication process.
Data Sharing and Recipients
Personal data may be accessed by authorised members of the Editorial Office, editors, reviewers, technical administrators, the Publisher, and service providers supporting the operation, maintenance, indexing, archiving, and security of the journal platform.
Personal data may also be transmitted to indexing and abstracting databases, repositories, DOI registration agencies, metadata aggregators, and other scholarly communication services to the extent necessary for the publication, identification, dissemination, and archiving of scholarly content.
The journal does not sell personal data.
Data Retention
Personal data are retained for as long as necessary to achieve the purposes for which they were collected, including the management of the editorial and publishing process, maintenance of the academic record, indexing and archiving of publications, compliance with legal obligations, and protection of legitimate interests of the journal and the Publisher.
Data related to published articles and their metadata may be retained permanently as part of the scholarly record. Data related to rejected or withdrawn submissions may be retained for the period necessary to document the editorial process, prevent duplicate submissions, respond to queries, and protect the integrity of the review process.
User Rights
Under the GDPR, data subjects have the right to request access to their personal data, rectification of inaccurate data, erasure of data, restriction of processing, data portability, and objection to processing, where applicable.
Requests concerning personal data should be addressed to the Data Protection Officer at: iodo@uafm.edu.pl.
Data subjects also have the right to lodge a complaint with the competent supervisory authority, in particular the President of the Personal Data Protection Office in Poland.
Cookies and Technical Data
The journal website may use cookies and similar technologies necessary for the proper operation of the website and the OJS platform, including user login, session management, security, statistics, and website administration. Users may manage cookie settings through their web browser; however, disabling certain cookies may affect the functionality of the website or submission system.
Automated Decision-Making
The journal does not use personal data for automated decision-making or profiling that would produce legal effects concerning users or similarly significantly affect them.
Contact
Questions concerning the processing of personal data by the journal may be addressed to the Editorial Office or to the Data Protection Officer of Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University at: iodo@uafm.edu.pl.
Vol. 26 (2026)
Published: 2026-01-01
eISSN: 2451-0858
10.31749/2451-0718-SaS
