Security: Theory and Practice

This article analyzes the mechanisms and barriers to inter-organizational learning (IOL)
in the European Union’s security sector. The research aims to diagnose why effective IOL
remains a systemic challenge despite significant institutional and technological investments.
Using a targeted literature review and case study synthesis mapped against the
4I and Absorptive Capacity theoretical frameworks, the study identifies a fundamental
tension termed the sovereignty paradigm. The analysis of key agencies (Europol, Frontex,
ENISA) and specific operations (Paris and Brussels attacks, Joint Investigation Teams) reveals
that the main obstacles are not technical. Rather, they are rooted in political and
cultural barriers, specifically a chronic lack of trust, conflicting mandates, and cultures resistant
to critical feedback. The article concludes that improving IOL requires a strategic
shift from investing in centralized technological platforms to building bottom-up, relationship-
based human networks capable of generating trust.

The article addresses the presence and significance of safety-related issues in the experiences of tourists using luxury hotel facilities in the United Arab Emirates. The research procedure was based on an analysis of source materials, the author’s own observations conducted during stays in the studied destination, and visits to the hotels: Jumeirah Burj Al Arab in Dubai and Emirates Palace Mandarin Oriental, Abu Dhabi. An important complement to the research was a qualitative analysis of guest reviews (over 70, 000) published on online platforms Tripadvisor and Google Reviews, with particular attention paid to references related to safety.

The findings indicate that safety issues are rarely articulated explicitly in hotel guests’ narratives, which may suggest that safety is perceived as an inherent component of the premium hospitality offering or reflects a high level of trust in existing protective measures. At the same time, safety emerges indirectly through narratives concerning access control, privacy, cleanliness, and staff behaviour. The analysis demonstrates that guest reviews can constitute a valuable source of knowledge supporting the improvement of safety management and the strengthening of organisational resilience in the premium hospitality sector.

The importance of stakeholder situational awareness for organizational resilience is described.
The role of leadership in shaping this awareness is highlighted. The place of
awareness and leadership in business resilience models is defined. The use of stakeholder
synergies and specific mechanisms to build organizational resilience is proposed. Synergistic
factors for stakeholders are identified, including climate threats and stakeholder
proximity. A tool was proposed to identify stakeholder groups with specific levels of
threats awareness, along with mechanisms for building synergy. It allows leadership to
leverage synergy between stakeholders with the highest awareness to build organizational
resilience.

The impact of an organization’s intellectual capital on resilient behavior was determined.
The links between intellectual capital elements and specific areas of A. Stephenson’s organizational
resilience model were discussed. It was emphasized that a resilient organization
is not only capable of anticipating potential threats but, should they occur, of implementing
behaviors that enable survival in crisis conditions. It should also enable the
organization’s further development. Based on the analysis of case studies of three companies
from different sectors, exposed to various types of threats (COVID-19, war, hurricanes),
practical possibilities for utilizing individual elements of intellectual capital were
identified: human, organizational, and relational. The importance of innovative activities
was emphasized. The particular importance of the Stephenson model’s areas was demonstrated,
such as employee engagement, innovation and creativity, knowledge utilization,
efficient decision-making, proactive attitude, and effective partnership, with the key role
of stakeholders emphasized.

The dynamic development of onshore wind energy in Poland increases its importance for the national electricity system and creates new challenges related to technical failures, system disruptions and continuity of energy supply. The article analyses organisational resilience management mechanisms in the Polish onshore wind sector, understood as practices, procedures and competences supporting business continuity, disruption mitigation and rapid recovery. The analysis, based on literature and national conditions, highlights the managerial dimension of resilience, including decision-making structures, risk management, business continuity planning and cooperation with power system operators. The findings indicate that effective resilience management can reduce wind farm vulnerability to disruptions and requires integrating technical solutions with mature organisational mechanisms and a safety culture. The article also identifies areas for further standardisation and research.

The article discusses the most important applications of artificial intelligence in retail banking, identifies risks in the implementation and operation of AI. It highlights gaps between theory and practice and proposes conceptual frameworks to address them. In the area of risk management, it examines the Three Lines model, juxtaposing it with the standard ISO/IEC 42001:2023 and the standard published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) at the U.S. Department of Commerce. Then it proposes how selected theoretical concepts, standards, and recommendations can be translated into creating and managing structures overseeing the operation of AI in a bank, ensuring compliance with the EU AI Act, which comes fully into force in August 2026. It also points to future actions that improve the safety of the banking sector system. Innovative solutions can not only serve the competition of individual banks but also, to some extent, support cooperation in the broadly understood area of security.

The aim of the text is to describe and explain strategies of regional development as tools of strengthening organizational resilience. The paper presents a brief review of threats both natural and social that may affect organizational equilibrium. Moreover, a catalogue of factors that enhance organizational resilience is discussed. Subsequently using H. Mintzberg’s concept of strategy, conceptual frames are identified as tools for crisis anticipation, crisis reaction and adaption. From the presented perspective strategy is not only tool for planning social and economic development but also a crucial instrument for overcoming crisis and strengthening organizational resilience. Simultaneously new strategic approach is required understood as a set of options based on effectuation theory.

This article explores shrinkage in retail chains, the main causes of their occurrence and selected methods for analyzing information in order to develop a loss-prevention policy. This paper presents the research methodology and findings on the relationship between the employee’s position within retailers’ organizational structures and their involvement in loss reduction, and the ability to obtain information necessary to develop a loss-prevention policy. The paper fills a research gap in this area; to date, no research on this topic has been conducted in Poland (Europe).

This paper analyzes the transformation of the European economic environment under the impact of the Russian–Ukrainian war between 2014 and 2025, demonstrating that the war represents not a cyclical crisis but a systemic exogenous shock to the European Union’s economic system. The study examines key macroeconomic and socio-economic effects, including the 2022 energy shock, inflation, economic uncertainty, and labour market adjustments related to migration flows. The results reveal an asymmetric impact across EU member states and increasing risks of internal fragmentation. The findings indicate an accelerated shift of the EU towards a geoeconomic development model based on resilience, strategic autonomy and the integration of economic and security policies.

This article examines the challenges and prospects of civic engagement among Ukrainian forced migrants (UFM) in Estonia and their impact on Ukrainian community building based on quantitative and qualitative surveys conducted by the International Institute of Education, Culture and Diaspora Relations of Lviv Polytechnic National University in 2024, as well as secondary data analysis. The article also presents the evolving dynamics of Ukrainian migration following Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The findings reveal that Estonia’s response has been marked by notable openness and solidarity, fostering favourable conditions for integration civic activism and community development. At the same time, migrants face structural and psychosocial barriers such as information deficits, intra-diaspora tensions, psychological exhaustion and Russian minority pressure. Despite these challenges, the emergence of new civic initiatives and NGOs demonstrates growing organizational potential and social resilience.