Medicine and Public Health

Background:
The gynaecological examination, often as part of a preventive gynaecological examination (PGE), has a legislatively determined content. Despite the efforts of all those involved, women's attendance in gynaecological examinations is insufficient. The aim of this short report is to highlight the current status of women's attendance at PGE in Slovakia and to present the expectations as well as reasons for women's attendance in gynaecological examination based on studies.

Material and methods:
A study design of literature review was chosen.

Results:
The results of the studies suggest ways to increase women's attendance at PGE. Communication skills of physicians and nurses/midwives, creating a safe and intimate environment, as well as consistent education about the examination process are considered key factors for increasing women's participation in PGE.

Conclusions:
Exploring the topic in a broader context may help to understand some of the changing aspects of women's motivation to participate, but more importantly to understand the importance of the attitude of health professionals in gynaecological examinations.

Background:
Intraoperative near-infrared imaging using indocyanine green has been increasingly used in procedural medical fields in recent years. The purpose of our work is to provide a general overview of the use of indocyanine green (ICG) in procedural medical fields. We reviewed publications posted in PubMed, whose authors used ICG in their research, but also daily surgical practice. Many large studies have demonstrated the usefulness of this method. Currently, new directions for the use of this dye are being sought. In the future, the use of ICG in near-infrared (NIR) imaging may become a standard used in daily medical practice.

Material and methods:
A review of the available literature was conducted using the PubMed. The search terms ''ICG'', ''indocyanine green'', ''indocyanine green fluorescence'', and ''NIR'' were used.

Results:
We analyzed several dozen articles from the large database available in PubMed. ICG is currently used in many different fields of medicine. Below we list the applications found in this review.

Conclusions:
Indocyanine green (ICG) has demonstrated utility across various surgical disciplines within the medical field. A growing body of research has elucidated the multiple advantages conferred by this dye, thereby propelling its increased adoption by researchers and practitioners. Despite these advances, there remains a need for extensive research before ICG can be integrated into routine clinical applications.

Background:
Urethral profilometry was developed as a scientific research method rather than for everyday clini-cal use. However, it was implemented as an integral part of urodynamic diagnostics for clinical use. Although it has been used for over 70 years, there are still no clear guidelines neither for the tech-nique nor for the indications and interpretation of the data obtained in this study. There are many inaccuracies and doubts about the method.

Material and methods:
The authors of the manuscript present a review of the urethral function diagnostics options and the place of urethral profilometry among them. The literature and clinical aspects of the study are dis-cussed in this article. The sources of urethral profilometry's limitations and their importance in clini-cal practice and results interpretation are analyzed.

Results:
Urethral profilometry has many limitations. Their sources are urethral anatomy and structure, equipment, patient collaboration, and examination technique. The repeatability is debatable, but doubts around it seem to be exaggerated. Despite all this, a lot of valuable data can be obtained by performing the examination.

Conclusions:
Despite the limitations, urethral profilometry is a useful clinical tool for functional diagnostics of the urethra. Developing precise guidelines regarding indications, technique, and interpretation of the assessment would be essential to take advantage of this diagnostic method.

Background:
We present a case of giant hepatic hemangioma with kasabach merritt syndrome.

Material and methods:
Thirty seven-year-old female presented to us with 6 month history of recurrent abdominal pain, weight loss. CT scan was suggestive of huge right liver mass involving entire right lobe, suggestive of hemangioma. Her blood chemistry showed platelet count of 68000 and INR of 1.4 suggestive of kasabach merritt syndrome.

Results:
In view of size of the mass, symptoms and associated kasabach merritt syndrome, patient was offered surgical removal of the tumor. On exploration tumor was entirely involving right lobe and right hepatectomy was done. Hemangioma was of 25 cm *20cm*16 cm and weighed 1.8 kg. Postoperative course of the patient was uneventful. On day 3 platelet count was improved to 98000 and INR improved to 1.2. Patient was discharged on day 5.

Conclusions:
Right hepatectomy for giant hemangioma of liver is safe procedure and can be curative for associated kasalbach merritt syndrome

Background:
Acute small bowel obstruction due to internal hernia is a rare condition. One of the most rare encounters is the Quain hernia (caused by broad ligament defect).

Material and methods:
A rare case of internal Quain hernia due to broad ligament defect caused acute small intestinal obstruction is described.

Results:
Challenge of diagnosis and treatment choice is briefly discussed.

Conclusions:
Patients with broad ligament defect could be clinically very chellenging with not effective RX for the early diagnosis. CT scan with intravenous contrast enhancement could be useful for diagnosis and CT radiologic sign of deviation of the “healthy” uterus to the left or to the right side could be considered like an indirect CT sign of Quain internal hernia. More clinical case studies of treatment options are necessary for further evaluations.

We present a case of a rare complication of microfracture technique used during arthroscopy repair of the knee joint.

Background:
In this paper we present a case of perforated mucinous neoplasm oft he apendix. Diagnosis and treatment of this rare condition is shortly discussed.

Material and methods:
A 42-year-old patient admitted to the General Surgery Clinic for elective surgery of left-sided inguinal hernia. In the postoperative period, severe pain in the lower abdomen persisted – qualified for laparotomy, during which an appendix tumor and a large amount of gelatinous bloody contents in the right lower abdomen were found. The appendix was removed and the peritoneal cavity was cleaned in the content. Histopathological examination revealed low grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) pT4a NX M1b. No angiovasia or nerve trunk infiltration were found. At the top of the appendix a perforation with mucus around was noted. Postoperative course was uncomplicated. The patient was referred to a peritoneal carcinomatosis center where a right hemicolectomy with HIPEC therapy was performed.

Results:
Mucous neoplasms of the appendix of low grade (LAMN) are rare tumors.

Conclusions:
Mucous neoplasms of the appendix of low grade (LAMN) are rare tumors. The treatment of choice is surgical excision. The most serious complication of LAMN is a rupture with the escape of mucus into the peritoneal cavity.

In this commentary the author discusses the current status and clinical importance of lymphadenectomy performed for the treatment of gastric cancer