Państwo i Społeczeństwo / State and Society

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Journal: Państwo i Społeczeństwo / State and Society

Existential determinants of depression and anxiety in coronary artery disease

Tadeusz Marian Ostrowski

Language: PL | Published: 23-12-2025 | Abstract | 131-146

The aim of the research was to check whether mental resilience and mechanisms of existential motivation, i.e. the meaning in life, subjective freedom and sensitivity to values, have a salutogenetic significance in coronary artery disease, i.e. whether despite the presence of symptoms of the disease, they are conducive to reducing anxiety and depression.
The study included hospitalized patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD group, n = 32, M age = 72.09; SD = 8.35) and a comparison group without health problems (no-CAD group, n = 32, M age = 69.44; SD = 6.77).
Demographic and clinical data interview was used. Among the clinical data, the most important was the diagnosis of coronary artery disease, which is a criterion for distinguishing the groups: CAD and no-CAD. The following psychological questionnaires were used: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Resiliency Measurement Scale (SPP-25) and methods concerning existential motivation: Attitude to Life Questionnaire, Range of Personal Freedom Questionnaire and Sensibility to Values Questionnaire.
The CAD group scored significantly higher on anxiety and depression. In terms of mental resilience, the groups do not differ, but the sense of subjective freedom and the meaning in life are lower in people with CAD. Subjective freedom, and especially its component – the sense of the meaning of one’s own will, which can be described as internal control, is a predictor of fear. In the anxiety regression equation, coronary artery disease appears as a strong positive predictor, and internal control as a negative predictor.
In clinical practice, the result should be taken into account, according to which the sense of self-importance is reduced in people with coronary artery disease, which means that they are externally controlled, i.e. psychologically dependent on the environment. This dependence goes hand in hand with strong anxiety. A patient full of fear cannot be blamed for being a nuisance, but should be cared for and at the same time rewarded, praised for every manifestation of independence, if it takes place to the extent indicated for the patient.

2025-12-23



Journal: Państwo i Społeczeństwo / State and Society

Knowing Who You Are Designing for: On the Idea of Social Architecture in the Works of Alejandro Aravena and Peter Zumthor

Barbara Stec

Language: PL | Published: 23-06-2025 | Abstract | 133-159

The aim of the article is a comparison of the architectural design methods of Alejandro Aravena and Peter Zumthor, imlemented in their projects with a high social impact. These methods and their application were analyzed according to the criteria of social architecture, assuming that it is the idea of designing based on the precise, real scenarios of the human needs and possibilities. While the social nature of Araven’s method and the projects of the Elemental studio he led is widely recognized, Zumthor’s work is not associated with the social ideas, but on the contrary – with the subjective and artistic ideas. However, in Zumthor’s method, an equally precise approach to the architectural needs of the futures users was noticed, and the projects selected for analysis encourage the research in the aspect of their social values. It was noted that despite the extremely different social environments of the recipients of architecture and its aesthetic values, in both cases it meets the social expectations and needs. The study indicated surprisingly similar solutions in the projects of residential units of both architects. The conclusions indicated, that the high aesthetic quality of the architecture may limit the informal its development.

2025-06-23



Journal: Państwo i Społeczeństwo / State and Society

Assessment of the activity of the linea alba of the rectus abdominis muscle in different body positions in women in the late postpartum period using ultrasound imaging

Beata Czechowska , Marta Karbowiak , Katarzyna Monika Glibov

Language: PL | Published: 16-12-2025 | Abstract | 67-78

Introduction: Increased width of the rectus abdominis muscle (RMPB) with separation of the rectus abdominis muscles above the normal distance is defined as diastasis/diastasis recti (RMPB). This dysfunction affects both sexes of various ages, but its postpartum variant is most often described in the literature. Statistics indicate that up to 60% of women require physiotherapy after delivery. The aim of this study was to provide information on the width and thickness of the rectus abdominis muscle (LMB) and the simple application of various body positions in women in the late postpartum period and nulliparous women using rehabilitation ultrasound imaging.
Material and methods: Forty women aged 20 to 50 were invited to participate in the study. They were divided into two groups: a group of women at least one year postpartum and a control group of nulliparous women. The study consisted of four components: an interview, a postural assessment, a manual examination of the linea alba, and an ultrasound examination of the linea alba in various body positions.
Results: The study showed that higher mean values of the linea alba width were observed in the postpartum group. Measurements at rest were higher than during activity, and the change in body position to a standing position revealed an increase in the linea alba width above the umbilicus. All measurements of the linea alba width in the late postpartum and nulliparous groups demonstrated statistical significance at p < 0.05.Conclusions: The width of the linea alba, as assessed by rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI), is significantly greater above the umbilicus than below it in both postpartum and nulliparous women in all body positions examined, which may predispose to a higher incidence of hernias in this location. It is recommended that patients at particular risk of impaired linea alba function in the supine and standing positions should be examined.

2025-12-16