Państwo i Społeczeństwo / State and Society

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Journal: Państwo i Społeczeństwo / State and Society

Motives for participation in obstacle course race events and their socio-demographic determinants: a Polish cross-sectional study

Jakub Subik , Andrzej Knapik , Jakub Losa , Maciej Jędrysiak

Language: EN | Published: 16-12-2025 | Abstract | 53-66

ntroduction: Obstacle course racing (OCR) combines cross-country running with challenging obstacles, demanding high fitness levels and attracting those seeking physical exercise and skill development. Motivations for OCR vary based on individual factors. This study examines OCR participation motives and their relationship to selected sociodemographic factors.
Materials and Methods: Participants were recruited at mass OCR events and asked to complete a questionnaire. The sample included 144 individuals (53 women, 91 men) aged 18–70. The data collection involved sociodemographic questions and the MPAM-R scale to assess motivations.
Results: Fitness, Competence, and Enjoyment were the primary motivations, with Enjoyment being more significant for women. Financial stability and prior sports experience were key factors for participation.
Conclusions: The study concludes that OCR participants exhibit complex motivations, which highlights the need for further research on participation motives in OCRs. The results suggest that understanding these motives can enhance the development of OCR events and their promotion.

2025-12-16



Journal: Państwo i Społeczeństwo / State and Society

Physical Activity of Seniors in Małopolska – Barriers, Motivations, and Benefits

Andrzej Rokicki

Language: PL | Published: 23-12-2025 | Abstract | 75-91

The aim of the article is to highlight the importance of physical activity for the health, well-being, and independence of seniors in the Małopolska region. Based on the author’s own research conducted among a group of 460 seniors residing in Małopolska, concerning their physical and social activity, the study seeks to identify the main barriers limiting older adults’ engagement in physical activity as well as the role of social factors in motivating them to be active. The article also aims to emphasize the need to develop and implement initiatives that support seniors through programs and exercises adapted to their individual capabilities.

2025-12-23



Journal: Państwo i Społeczeństwo / State and Society

The participation of children in extracurricular activities with and without disabilities

Aleksandra Kulis , Beata Batorowicz , Urszula Chrabota , Paweł Żychowicz

Language: EN | Published: 18-12-2024 | Abstract | 107-121

Introduction: The aim of this study was to explore the extracurricular activity settings of school-aged children with and without disabilities, who selected the activities and whether they meet children’s interests.
Material and methods: A questionnaire was developed specifically for this study and included questions concerning children’s extracurricular participation.
Results: 90% of children from group A, 66% from group B, and 69% from group C participated in extracurricular activities. In group A, 67% of children chose activities together with parents, while in groups B (18.2%) and C (30.4%) teachers were often involved. Activities met the interest of most children, although the number of children for whom activities met their interest differed depending on who selected them.
Conclusions: The study found that children without disabilities were more likely to participate in extracurricular activities than their peers with a disability rating.

2024-12-18



Journal: Państwo i Społeczeństwo / State and Society

Health behaviours of nursing staff and the risk of cardiovascular diseases

Irena Milaniak , Paulina Sarota

Language: PL | Published: 16-12-2025 | Abstract | 25-38

Introduction: Nursing staff make up the largest group in the healthcare system. Professional work is associated with factors that may negatively affect this group’s physical and mental health. This results in improper health behaviours, including addictions, lack of physical activity and inappropriate diet, which may result in the development of cardiovascular diseases. The study aimed to assess the health behaviours of nurses, taking into account the risk of cardiovascular disease (CD).
Material and methods: The study was conducted among 154 nurses, both female and male. It used a questionnaire with original questions, the Health Behavior Inventory (IZZ), and the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). An original questionnaire was developed to assess the risk of CD.
Results: The results of our research showed that more than half of the respondents (61.04%) were at medium and high risk of CD. The average result of the IZZ score was 76.58 points (low results). In the health behaviour category subscales, the respondents received the highest average scores for proper eating habits (3.3) and positive mental attitudes (3.3). The respondents obtained the lowest scores in the health practices category (3.0). The predictor that increased the cardiovascular risk was the age of the respondents (31 to 40 years). The predictors that reduced the risk of S-N were higher education and a higher level of the general IZZ index.
Conclusions: The fact that more than half of the respondents (61.04%) fit into the category of medium and high risk of cardiovascular disease is alarming. This result indicates not only the need to take seriously the risks associated with this professional group, but also the need to introduce interventions aimed at promoting health and prevention among nurses. Also, low results of the level of health behaviours suggest that nursing staff require more attention in the field of health interventions and access to resources that promote a healthy lifestyle.

2025-12-16