Państwo i Społeczeństwo / State and Society

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Journal: Państwo i Społeczeństwo / State and Society

Learning business through the analysis of industrial history on the example of artistic casting in Gliwice

Joanna Nowicka

Language: PL | Published: 13-07-2026 | Abstract | 405

This article examines the use of the history of the Royal Iron Foundry and art casting in Gliwice within academic curricula. The research was quasi-experimental in nature, involving pre- and post-tests. The theoretical section of the paper employs a literature review, whilst the empirical section combines a case study with mixed-methods research. The study was conducted in the first half of 2025 amongst 137 business students (logistics, management and production engineering), using questionnaires, knowledge tests, a motivation scale and classroom observation. The research hypothesis was that in higher education, business history is underutilized. The research revealed a high level of student interest in the history of Polish industry, particularly when presented using active teaching methods, as well as a lack of knowledge and a clear need to explore this topic further. The results indicate that integrating industrial history into contemporary higher education, particularly business teaching, motivates students and develops their ability to combine theoretical knowledge with practice. The case study of the Gliwice museum is a source of inspiration, knowledge and motivation for developing the technical knowledge and analytical and creative skills necessary in real-world managerial work.

2026-07-13



Journal: Państwo i Społeczeństwo / State and Society

Existential determinants of depression and anxiety in coronary artery disease

Tadeusz Marian Ostrowski

Language: PL | Published: 23-12-2025 | Abstract | 131-146

The aim of the research was to check whether mental resilience and mechanisms of existential motivation, i.e. the meaning in life, subjective freedom and sensitivity to values, have a salutogenetic significance in coronary artery disease, i.e. whether despite the presence of symptoms of the disease, they are conducive to reducing anxiety and depression.
The study included hospitalized patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD group, n = 32, M age = 72.09; SD = 8.35) and a comparison group without health problems (no-CAD group, n = 32, M age = 69.44; SD = 6.77).
Demographic and clinical data interview was used. Among the clinical data, the most important was the diagnosis of coronary artery disease, which is a criterion for distinguishing the groups: CAD and no-CAD. The following psychological questionnaires were used: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Resiliency Measurement Scale (SPP-25) and methods concerning existential motivation: Attitude to Life Questionnaire, Range of Personal Freedom Questionnaire and Sensibility to Values Questionnaire.
The CAD group scored significantly higher on anxiety and depression. In terms of mental resilience, the groups do not differ, but the sense of subjective freedom and the meaning in life are lower in people with CAD. Subjective freedom, and especially its component – the sense of the meaning of one’s own will, which can be described as internal control, is a predictor of fear. In the anxiety regression equation, coronary artery disease appears as a strong positive predictor, and internal control as a negative predictor.
In clinical practice, the result should be taken into account, according to which the sense of self-importance is reduced in people with coronary artery disease, which means that they are externally controlled, i.e. psychologically dependent on the environment. This dependence goes hand in hand with strong anxiety. A patient full of fear cannot be blamed for being a nuisance, but should be cared for and at the same time rewarded, praised for every manifestation of independence, if it takes place to the extent indicated for the patient.

2025-12-23



Journal: Państwo i Społeczeństwo / State and Society

Physical Activity of Seniors in Małopolska – Barriers, Motivations, and Benefits

Andrzej Rokicki

Language: PL | Published: 23-12-2025 | Abstract | 75-91

The aim of the article is to highlight the importance of physical activity for the health, well-being, and independence of seniors in the Małopolska region. Based on the author’s own research conducted among a group of 460 seniors residing in Małopolska, concerning their physical and social activity, the study seeks to identify the main barriers limiting older adults’ engagement in physical activity as well as the role of social factors in motivating them to be active. The article also aims to emphasize the need to develop and implement initiatives that support seniors through programs and exercises adapted to their individual capabilities.

2025-12-23



Journal: Państwo i Społeczeństwo / State and Society

The problem of multiculturality in patient care in the opinion of professionally active nurses

Monika Majoch , Izabella Węgrzyn , Elżbieta Rafa , Sylwia Siekierczak

Language: PL | Published: 18-12-2024 | Abstract | 39-52

Introduction: Globalization and migration, understood in many aspects, pose new challenges related to transcultural care in the health care system. The aim of this study was to find out the opinions of active nurses on the provision of care to patients from a cultural background other than their own.
Material and methods: The study included 113 professionally active nurses. The diagnostic survey method was used using an original survey questionnaire. The results were analyzed using the χ2 test and a percentage analysis of the responses, with a significance level of p > 0.05.
Results: Nearly two thirds of the respondents (66.4%) confirmed that they had encountered a culturally different patient in their professional practice. Statistical significance was not confirmed in the perception of the degree of difficulty of care in relation to language skills. Those under 35 years of age were more likely to indicate a feeling of uncertainty (p = 0.018) when dealing with a culturally/linguistically different patient, and those over 35 years of age were more likely to indicate motivation (p = 0.024). The need for additional training/courses on multiculturalism in nursing was cited by 69.9% of respondents.
Conclusions: The emotions of those in the nursing profession related to the care (experienced or hypothetical) of a patient from a cultural background different from their own, as well as the perception of such care, can be described as positive. The overwhelming majority of the respondents showed an interest in developing their own competences in caring for a culturally different patient, indicating the need to organize training sessions/courses for nurses on such topics.

2024-12-18