Państwo i Społeczeństwo / State and Society

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Journal: Państwo i Społeczeństwo / State and Society

Analysis of the financing of drug programs in 2016–2024 as an important component of access to drug therapies in Poland

Michał Seweryn , Anna Łuc-Seweryn , Anna Mokrzycka , Elżbieta Gabrowska , Sławomir Kozioł , Wojciech Trąbka

Language: PL | Published: 16-12-2025 | Abstract | 123-135

Introduction and objective: Drug programs are a key instrument of reimbursement policy in Poland, enabling the public financing of innovative and high-cost therapies in strictly defined patient populations. The aim of this study was to analyze the financing of drug programs in Poland in 2016–2024 as an element of reimbursement and health policy.
Material and methods: A retrospective descriptive analysis of secondary data was conducted using the Minister of Health’s Reimbursement Notices and aggregated data from the System and Implementation Analyses Database. Changes in the scale of programs and the number of patients were assessed, as well as expenditures (medicines, services) and discrepancies between reported and settled amounts.
Results: In 2016–2024, the number of programs increased from 73 to 133, the number of active substances from 161 to 392, and the number of patients from 105.6 thousand to 302.1 thousand. Total costs rose from PLN 3,157 billion to PLN 12,547 billion; cost per patient increased from PLN 29,896 to PLN 41,533, and the share of service costs grew from 8.1% to 11.4%. In 2024, 95.37% of reported amounts were settled (a gap of PLN 613.8 million).
Conclusions: Financing of drug programs grew faster than treatment volume, and the increasing share of service costs indicates a greater role of diagnostics and monitoring. The widening reported–settled gap may threaten the liquidity of providers (hospitals) and requires systematic monitoring.

2025-12-16



Journal: Państwo i Społeczeństwo / State and Society

Closed circle? Accessibility – rhetoric – film. Reception of Polish Documentary Films about Art

Iwona Grodź

Language: PL | Published: 10-07-2026 | Abstract | 202

In an era of ostensibly unrestricted digital openness and cultural inclusivity, access to documentary films on art in Poland remains significantly constrained – not only for technological or sensory reasons, but above all due to educational and economic barriers. The aim of this article is to examine the contradiction between the rhetoric of accessibility and the actual accessibility of Polish documentary films devoted to art and artists.

The study addresses the following research questions. How do cultural institutions and film producers in Poland conceptualize and communicate the economic accessibility of films about art? What are the actual mechanisms that limit access to such content, including pricing policies, licensing restrictions, geographical availability and forms of digital exclusion? Does an alternative, grassroots infrastructure of access to Polish art documentaries exist, and if so, in what ways does it operate? Finally, how might the concept of accessibility be redefined within the broader framework of the political economy of culture? To address these questions, the study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining an analysis of scholarly discourse on the subject with survey-based empirical research.

2026-07-10